Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein (nRNP) [MD378]

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a specific family of RNPs involved in RNA processing and metabolism, particularly in the nucleus. hnRNP complexes are essential components of the spliceosome, with hnRNP A1 being one of the most significant pre-mRNA/mRNA binding proteins and most abundant proteins in the nucleus. Alternative processing of pre-mRNA and post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation and methylation, further demonstrate hnRNP proteins′ complexity and regulatory potential in gene expression and RNA metabolism. hnRNP dysregulation is a significant contributor to cancer development and resistance. They are implicated in neurological diseases like spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).