4 Hydroxynonenal/4-HNE Polyclonal

4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-hydroxynonenal, 4-HNE) is a highly reactive aldehyde generated by the exposure of polyunsaturated fatty acids to peroxides and reactive oxygen species (ROS). It non-enzymatically forms stable protein adducts with histidine, lysine, and cysteine side chains that have been used as biomarkers for oxidative damage in cells. Conditions where 4-HNE immunoreactivity has been observed include include inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemic damage to the heart and brain. Aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation, such as 4 hydroxynonenal (4 HNE), have been implicated in the etiology of pathological changes under oxidative stress as a key mediator of oxidative stress induced cell death. It is a stable product of lipid peroxidation, is proarrhythmic and may contribute to the cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress 4-HNE has been hypothesized to play a key role in cell signal transduction, in a variety of pathways from cell cycle events to cellular adhesion.